Relationship Between Intelligence and Creativity

Relationship Between Intelligence and Creativity For a long time, creativity has been a neglected subject in psychological research. This is mainly because it has always been widely believed that it has mystical influences or a divine nature. Plato said that the poet is only able to create what the Muse dictates and most often than not, even nowadays, writers or inventors often mention the presence of a spiritual nature that switches their perspective to a revelatory one. However, at the beginning of the 20th century, those interested in the human mind found a new interest in the matter. This generated countless theories regarding the nature of creativity, but probably the most puzzling question was whether one has to be intelligent to create something never seen before or to discover a never before explored perspective. This essay will present a few of the most famous opinions on the matter. Most of the research in this area, up until the 1960s, was based on the idea that creativity and intelligence are coincide. Cox and Terman(1926) proposed that highly creative individuals are also exceptionally intelligent and they tried to estimate the IQ of 301 of the most eminent people who lived between 1450 and 1850.The study was severely criticized because of the unreliability of the data collected from letters, records and writings, but also because of the subjectivity involved in approximating IQs. The results were inconclusive, showing that high, but not the highest, intelligence combined with great persistence can achieve greater eminence than those of highest intelligence did. A study, by Getzels and Jackson(1962), was the first to somewhat prove that creativity and intelligence were independent concepts. They selected a high sample of students ranging from 6th grade to the end of high school and they asked them to complete one IQ test and five alleged creative tests. Their results showed an insignificant correlation between the scores. However, Wallach and Kogan(1965) reanalyzed the data and concluded that four of the creativity tests were significantly correlated to IQ for girls and all five of them for boys. They theorized that results continued to show that intelligence and creativity share a conceptual basic because the way tests were administered was very similar to the methods used for IQ testing. It was suggested that the presentation of tests and the frame of reference of the subject are important in determining whether there is a connection between intelligence and creativity. Boersma and O’Bryan (1968) decided to test this with 46 element ary school students. All of them were given the Lorge-Thorndike Nonverbal and Verbal Intelligence tests under strict teacher supervision, in the classroom. Afterwards, they were randomly assigned into two groups: group A and group B. One day after taking the intelligence tests, group A were given Torrance’s Figure Completion(TFC) test of nonverbal creativity and Unusual Uses test, under the same conditions. Group B were administered the same tests except they were informed, one day after taking the intelligence tests, that they were free from school that morning. They were then invited to visit the University of Alberta, where an examiner took them in a gymnasium where several boxes with toys had been placed. The boys were told they could play, but after 60 minutes the examiner asked them if they would like to try â€Å"something someone made up†. He then placed a box containing the TFC tests. The tests had no instructions on them, the examiner saying they should inclu de as many different ideas as they wished. Ten minutes later, the examiner asked if they wanted to go to the pool and instructed them to put the tests back in the box with their names written on them. 25 minutes later, the examiner presented them with a soft toy dog and asked them to find as many uses for it, other than that of a toy. The final results showed that Group B scored significantly higher on the creativity tests and displayed a less significant correlation between intelligence and creative variables. These results support Wallach and Kogan’s suggestions, but, at the same time, it must be noted that the definition of creativity used by the experimenters was quite general, and, since the participants were all children, it could be that the creativity they displayed was simply age specific. Supporters of the cognitive approaches generally assumed that the study of creativity was simply an extension of that of intelligence, mostly because it was thought that both involved the same main mental processes. Norbert JauÃ… ¡ovec (2000) conducted a study that investigated the differences in cognitive processes related to creativity and intelligence with the help of EEG coherence and power measures in the lower and upper alpha band. The participants were 49 students and teachers taking a course in psychology. They were divided into four groups, based on the results in intelligence (WAIS) and creativity (Torrance) tests: gifted- high IQ and high creativity; creative- high creativity and average IQ; intelligent- high IQ and average creativity; average- average IQ and average creativity. Afterwards, they were asked to solve two problems with two levels of complexity, which could be considered closed problems with closed solution situations, and later, they had to solve four creativ ity problems, some similar to those on creativity tests, and others related to their everyday lives. Both tasks were completed while the individual’s EEG was being measured. Results showed that for the first task, highly intelligent individuals displayed less mental activity (which would translate to less effort) and greater cooperation between brain areas than average intelligence individuals. In the completion of the second task, highly creative individuals displayed less mental activity than the average creativity participants. At the same time, creative individuals showed better connections between brain areas than gifted individuals. The results suggested that creativity and intelligence are different concepts and abilities that differ in the neurological activities shown by individuals while solving open and closed problems. Results also imply that creativity has a less pronounced influence on solving closed problems, as well as intelligence on solving open problems. Another prominent hypothesis was developed by Guilford (1967) and is widely known as the threshold theory, which assumes that above-average intelligence is a necessary condition for high-level creativity. This is commonly tested by dividing a sample to a threshold (e.g. 120 IQ) and determining correlations for lower and upper IQ range (Sternberg, 2003). This method has been criticized because there is no apparent reason to set the threshold at a given IQ score. In an attempt to overcome this problem, a study was conducted in 2013 (Jauk et. al) to investigate the relationship between intelligence and different indicators of creative potential (ability to generate something novel and useful) and creative achievement (actual realization of this potential in real-life accomplishments). This was done using segmented regression analysis in a sample of 297 individuals, which facilitates the detection of threshold in data by means of iterative computational algorithms. Participants were requ ired to complete four subtests of the Intelligence Structure Battery (figural-inductive reasoning, verbal short-term memory, arithmetic flexibility, word meaning) for general intelligence, an alternative uses test for creative potential and the Inventory of Creative Achievements. In the end, a threshold was found for creative potential, but not for creative achievement, which suggests that while intelligence and creative potential are highly related up to a point where they have no influence on each other, there is no apparent relationship between intelligence and the actual fulfilment of that potential. It should be noted that the study had limitations such as the size of the sample and the IQ range of the participants. In response to the fact that most contemporary research focuses on the idea that creativity and intelligence are unrelated, Nusbaum and Silvia (2011) conducted a study based on improved approaches to creativity measurement, which proposes that fluid and executive cognition is actually central to creative thought. The participants were 178 women and 48 men, all of them university students. In the first phase of the experiment, the effect of fluid intelligence on creativity was observed by giving the individuals divergent thinking tasks and measuring their executive switching (the number of times people switched idea categories). In the second phase, half the sample were told what strategy they should use in an Unusual Uses test, which was then administered to the entire sample. People with high fluid thinking did better when they knew the strategy, which was consistent with their ability to access and use it in spite of interference, while for the people with lower fluid thinking, the strategy tended to slip. By combining the results of the two phases, the experimenters suggested that creativity is probably more convergent than modern theories assume. In conclusion, views on the relationship between intelligence and creativity are extremely varied and there is evidence to be found for each of them. Probably the greatest problem of this area of research is finding a suitable definition for the abstract concept of creativity, but maybe there is a need for a new and creative perspective on the matter to finally decipher it.

Organizational Focus and Goals Essay

What is the organization’s current focus? What are the organization’s overarching goals? The current focus of Blue Cross Blue Shields is to provide the best quality insurance to their members. Also, it is time for an open enrollment period for their current members, or trying to get new members to come to Blue Cross Blue Shields. The organizations overarching goals are to provide its members with the lowest premium cost, but providing the most insurance coverage for the least amount. What are the organization’s training needs? How do they relate to the overarching goals? The training needs of the organization lies solely on the type of job each associate. The needs of the organization will be the focus of how the associates will train. During this time, associates will learn how to provide the best member care, and to ensure their members are happy and have the coverage he or she requested. The relation to the overarching goals of Blue Cross Blue Shields is providing the best quality insurance for their members, new members, and provides the best quality customer service. What effect does the organization’s focus and goals have on prioritizing the type and amount of training? The effect is directly associated with the needs and focus of the organization. The employees are directed by training with specific guidelines, and individual one on one communication to answer any questions. Employees will have the option to take upcoming classes to assist with member needs and the workers current job. Introduction For this assignment there is information regarding organizational focus and goals. The organization discussed is about Blue Cross Blue Shields. An organization as large as this needs to ensure all goals and focus are prioritized accurately. Also, this paper discusses the training needs of Blue Cross Blue Shields. Listed in paper are the topics of how Blue Cross Blue Shields prioritizes their focus. â€Å"Blue Cross Blue Shields has more than 105 million members-1-3- Americans rely on Blue Cross Blue Shield companies for access to safe, quality, and affordable healthcare (Blue Cross, 2014).† How would you prioritize specific training needs based on the organization’s needs and current focus? Depending on the present situation of the company, the current focus of training will be specifically related to the needs. Focus and needs of the members needs to be top of the list, and making sure employees are properly trained to assist those needs. Setting up monthly meetings with employees to ensure the focus of its members, and there needs get met. Why must you consider the organization’s overarching goals when prioritizing training? In order for an organization to continue to be a success, it is crucial that overarching goals, and member’s needs get met. The better the care of its member’s the more he, or she is willing to stay with Blue Cross Blue Shields, and new members will follow. Everyone wants to ensure his or her insurance needs get met, and are not paying for an excessive amount for coverage. The most important aspect of Blue Cross Blue Shields is to ensure their members are happy, and provided the best customer care to fulfill their needs. Conclusion Every organization has there own way of how their focus and goals are prioritized. Blue Cross Blue Shields remains focused on giving the proper training to their employees, to better serve their members. It is important for Blue Cross Blue Shields to stay focused, as well as meet their own goals while providing proper care to their members. With all this in mind the proper steps taken can improve training employees and member care. References Questions Courtesy of University of Phoenix. (2014). Organizational Goals and Focus. Blue Cross Blue Shield Association. (2014). Retrieved from http://www. About Blue Cross Blue Shield Association.

Heart/ a&P/ Nursing

Chapter 12 A flat macular hemorrhage is called a(n): Purpura Risk factors that may lead to skin disease and breakdown include: a lifetime of environmental trauma. What term refers to a linear skin lesion that runs along a nerve route? Zosteriform The components of a nail examination include: contour, consistency, and color. An example of a primary lesion is a(n): urticaria. A scooped out, shallow depression in the skin is called a/an: erosion. Chapter 19The first heart sound is produced by the: closure of the AV valves. Which of the following guidelines may be used to identify which heart sound is S1? S1 coincides with the carotid artery pulse. Which of the following cardiac alterations occurs during pregnancy? An increase in cardiac volume and a decrease in blood pressure Which of the following is an appropriate position to have the patient assume when auscultating for extra heart sounds or murmurs? Roll toward the left sideThe leaflets of the tricuspid and mitral valves are anchore d by __________________ to the _________________, which are embedded in the ventricular floor. chordae tendineae; papillary muscles The ability of the heart to contract independently of any signals or stimulation is due to: automaticity. When auscultating the heart of a newborn within 24 hours after birth, the examiner hears a continuous sound that mimics the sound of a machine. This finding most likely indicates: an expected sound caused by nonclosure of the ductus arteriosus. You can read also Coronary Artery Disease Nursing Care PlanA bruit heard while auscultating the carotid artery of a 65-year-old patient is caused by: turbulent blood flow through the carotid artery. The jugular venous pressure is an indirect reflection of the: heart's efficiency as a pump. The semilunar valves separate the: ventricles from the arteries. Chapter 20 One of the leg's deep veins is the: popliteal. ?Arteriosclerosis refers to: thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls. ?Palpable inguinal lymph nodes are: normal if small (less than 1 cm), movable, and nontender. In pulsus paradoxus: beats have weaker amplitude with respiratory inspiration and stronger amplitude with expiration. ?Lymphedema is: the swelling of an extremity caused by an obstructed lymph channel. ?A water-hammer â€Å"Corrigan† pulse is associated with: aortic valve regurgitation. The cervical nodes drain the: head and neck. In young children, the thymus gland: produces T lymphocytes. Cla udication is caused by: arterial insufficiency. The patient has severe bilateral lower extremity edema. The most likely cause is: heart failure.

Identity as a Name in The Importance of Being Earnest

Wilde uses Gwendolen’s and Cecily’s obviously superficial affection towards each other to again accentuate and criticize the importance that the Victorian’s placed on an individual’s name. The practice of naming others as a means to display one’s own dominance is satirized by the irony in the argument between the two young ladies. The audience detects that they are undoubtedly fighting over Ernest as well as superiority, but their true feelings are ironically hidden (rather poorly) under fake earnestness. Garland states that, â€Å"both women attempt to define the existence of their opponent through rapidly shifting expression of Identity† (272), and cause a quiet fire in the atmosphere of the scene. Since their fight is so indirect and blatantly petty, Wilde is able to comically criticize females of victorian society that are represented by Gwendolen and Cecily. Gwendolen and Cecily are both fixated on the name Ernest because the superficial society surrounding them unconsciously causes them to gravitate towards men that they believe have earnest dispositions. Gwendolen asserts her fondness of the name Ernest declaring, â€Å"my ideal has always been to love some one of the name of Ernest. There is something in that name that inspires absolute confidence† (Wilde 980). Cecily also admires the name Ernest and makes a statement almost identical to Gwendolen’s when she admits, â€Å"it had always been a girlish dream of mine to love someone whose name was Ernest. There is something in thatShow MoreRelatedTo what extent do you think The Importance of Being Earnest is only a comedy of manners?1475 Words   |  6 PagesThe importance of Being Earnest is a comedy of manners, as it explores codes of upper and middle class society. For example,I dont play accurately - any one can play accurately - but I play with wonderful expression.. However, The Importance of Being Earnest has other types of comedy, such as, c omedy of humours and farce. Comedy of humours focuses on a character of range of characters, who have an over riding trait or humour that dominates their personality. For example, Algernon’s greed. FarceRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde1438 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Being Earnest was one of the best comedy manner plays I have read thus far. The play was written by Oscar Wilde, which happened to be the best masterpiece he has ever written out of all four of his stage comedies. The Importance of Being Earnest was first published in 1899. This play was a self-parody and unreliably explanation on the dramatic farce genre for Wilde. This play is a comedy of manner during the Victorian Age. The Victorian Age was a period of peace and sensibilityRead More The Double Life in The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde The Importance of Being Earnest appears to be a conventional 19th century farce. False identities, prohibited engagements, domineering mothers, lost children are typical of almost every farce. However, this is only on the surface in Wildes play. His parody works at two levels- on the one hand he ridicules the manners of the high society and on the other he satirises the human condition in general. The characters in The Importance of Being EarnestRead MoreThe Double Life in the Importa1372 Words   |  6 Pagesin The Importance of Being Earnest The Importance of Being Earnest appears to be a conventional 19th century farce. False identities, prohibited engagements, domineering mothers, lost children are typical of almost every farce. However, this is only on the surface in Wilde#8217;s play. 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It is importa nt to take the time now and then and have a good laugh to ease the tension that the news can cause. Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest is a witty and amusing comedy which conveys real life everyday themes such as real love as opposed to selfish love, religion, marriage, being truthful andRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest759 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance doesn’t Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde is a satire, comedy play of the Victorian Age. The Importance of Being Earnest follows two main characters, Earnest and Algernon, who live double lives. During his play Wilde makes fun of some of the standards and the way of life during that time. One of the common traits of the time was deception. Wilde’s play has a common occurrence of deception through the play’s plot line, trivial lies, and a character’s point of view on deception. Wilde’sRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde1382 Words   |  6 Pagesappeared to be strict. 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The Paradoxical structure of the play combines trivial situations with formal language to complicity ridicule traditional standards on issues like marriage and social class. These expectations are deemed meaningful

Escaping A Doll House By Henrik Ibsen - 1989 Words

Escaping Marriage in A Doll House In Ibsen’s the figurative play is the A Doll House, Nora is a doll, and her marriage is the doll house. Outwardly, Nora is a beautiful woman entertaining her husband with the beautiful images of a submissive wife, but inside, she is desperate, longing to explore her potential outside of the dollhouse of her marriage. In a society dominated by the expectations of men, Nora must choose between the duties determined by her role as a wife in opposition to the obligations of self, in determining her true character. Within the context of love, Nora will commit forgery, and through this deception, discovers her marriage is nothing more than an illusion, and she nothing more than a doll within Torvald s house. In Act I, the Christmas tree symbolizes the Helmer s marriage. The external of, the tree is beautifully decorated, but inside it is dying because the tree doesn’t have any roots to feed. Nora and Helmer are playing the roles that society has taught them. â€Å"A Nineteenth-Century Husband’s Letter to His Wife† Marcus and Helmer are very comparable within how they act and treat their wives. Helmer is the strong provider and protector; Nora is the helpless little woman who dependent on him. Like the Christmas tree, the Helmer s marriage is just an image of beauty, dying on the inside. After Krogstad informs Nora that he intends to blackmail her, she tells the maid to bring her the tree and set it in the middle of the floor (center stage) (1581).Show MoreRelatedHow do both The Stranger by Albert Camus and A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen explore free will?1631 Words   |  7 Pagesbe different. The same holds true with Henrik Ibsen’s classic play, A Dol l’s House, concerning Nora, a mother who abandons her family in order to pursue her own happiness. 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Ibsen wrote this play around the time when husbands and wives had specific roles in society and were very limited on what they could do. Women would have to marry rich, cook, clean,take care of the children, and avoid dealing with life situations. The man’s job was to work, put food on the table, and a roofRead MoreA Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen Essay1759 Words   |  8 PagesA Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen We have all felt the need to be alone or to venture to places that our minds have only imagined. However, we as individuals have always found ourselves clutching to our responsibilities and obligations, to either our jobs or our friends and family. The lingering feeling of leaving something behind or of promises that have been unfulfilled is a pain

Natural Disasters and Health Care Essay - 3418 Words

Impact of Natural Disasters on Health Care Submitted by – Dalton Divakaran MS Health Care Management University of Texas at Dallas Index Introduction Types of Disasters Effects of Disaster on Economy Effect of Disaster on Health Care Organization * Sudden Influx * Damage to Facilities * Inadequately Prepared * Specialty Treatment Availability Effects on the Population * Immediate Health Impact * Long-Term Impacts Steps in Disaster Management * Mitigation * Preparedness * Response * Recovery Real Incident Study * Background: * Immediate Response Considerations: * Evacuation: * Special Immediate Concerns: * Recovery Process: * Facility†¦show more content†¦This throws the health care’s schedule out of the ordinary routine. The facility may not be completely prepared for what comes next. Emergency preparedness plans improve the chances that the organization will be able to respond effectively in the event of a natural disaster, whatever said and done it is never a guarantee that when and what magnitude a calamity occurs. Specialty Treatment Availability * Some disasters are not common like the storms, earthquakes and tsunamis. Epidemic outbreaks of infectious disease are something which needs utmost care to stop them from spreading to the others. It is not just to take care of emergency relief but also to quickly and efficiently protect the rest of the population. It is more challenging when there is no existing vaccine or known treatment. At this instance the role of health care organizations becomes even more important. These organizations must work to treat the patients and protect themselves while labs attempt to figure out a way to stop the infection from spreading. Effects on the Population A population’s vulnerability to all types of disasters depends on demographic growth, settlement in unsafe areas, environmental degradation, the pace of urbanization, unplanned development and climate change. Poverty thrives due to lack of access to healthy and safeShow MoreRelatedNatural Disaster and Horrifying Weather Essay617 Words   |  3 PagesWild Fires. These are just to name a few natural disasters which can strike any country without a warning or it just pops out of thin air. Natural Disasters could cause many different effects to developing countries or developed countries. The Economic status of developing countries is gravely affected by natural disaster as these countries are ravished by debt, poverty in many communities and a collapsing social services system. If any type of natural disaster strikes a developing country the sideRead MoreThe Basic Role Of The Nurse1729 Words   |  7 Pagesto do during and after disasters. This should lessen panicking, paranoid and uncontrollable people running around. Knowing interventions when a disaster strikes will also lessen the death toll in many areas and will impact less on the affected as well as knowing what to do after disaster, and at least basic first aid, will enable students help the authorities in saving lives. To beginning with it will be good to get the meaning of disaster and the various types of disasters because each of them haveRead MoreCase Study Part Two. Ceirra Knight. Mha 624: Continuous934 Words   |  4 PagesMay 2, 2017  From the perspective of a health care administrator, I will identify, develop, and discuss strategic issues in planning a model by prioritizing issues facing a community when dealing with a natural disaster using the four MAPP assessments that align with the shared community mission. Lastly, I explain how you would promote collaborations among clinical professionals, explain methods that encourage physician leadership in patient care enhancement, and explain quality initiativesRead MoreAnalysis of Ethical Dilemma1261 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity NRS-437V Ethical Decision Making in Health Care Analysis of Ethical Dilemma Natural calamities are unpredictable phenomena’s where the damage may be countless and immeasurable examples of natural calamities are earthquakes, floods and famine. In situations like this relief operations are challenging even though many organizations and nations extend their resources to overcome the disaster. We often face issues and concerns in a massive disaster which may lead to ethical-dilemma and criticismRead MoreP4 - health, safety and security within a health and social care sector1408 Words   |  6 Pagesdealing with two particular incidents or emergencies in a health and social care setting. Fire, When you are working within a health and social care setting the most important thing is to evacuate the people that is in your care out of the building first. When you are working in an organisation you should always familiarise yourself with where the fire exits, fire alarms and fire extinguishers are located. If you are working within a care setting with elderly residents and there is a fire itRead MoreManagement Plan for Security and Privacy Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Many times, disaster recovery planning fails to consider how diverse regulations and compliance issues will impact an organization after a natural disaster strikes (Talon, 2006). For instance, organizations regulated by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), will discover that disaster recovery planning can be a complex web of potential pitfalls. For health care organizations and all other organizations regulated by the Health Insurance PortabilityRead MoreEssay on The Effect of Natural Disaster on a Society1176 Words   |  5 Pagespredict most natural disasters and minimize their consequences, major social impacts still have been seen over recent decades. In this essay, a natural disaster is defined as a naturally occurring event that exerts adverse effects onto human society, including those caused by geological factors and infectious organisms. It may result in a wide range of aftermaths, however, only the most prominent ones of these will be examined including casualties caused by a disaster, public health crises and economicRead MoreEmergency Preparedness and Disaster Response in Schools979 Words   |  4 PagesEmergency Preparedness and Disaster Response in Schools Jennifer Cox Walden University NURS 4010 Section 06, Family, Community, and Population-Based Care May 5, 2013 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND DISASTER RESPONSE IN SCHOOLS The professional nurse uses clinical judgment and decision making skills to provide appropriate nursing care and collaborates with other health care professionals responding to the emergency or disaster. The purpose of this paper is to outline the professional nurse’sRead MoreEmergency Response: Disaster in Franklin County Essay1234 Words   |  5 PagesEmergency Response: Disaster in Franklin County Katherine Helm Western Governor’s University May 2013 Role of the Major Public Health Personnel In the event of a disaster, the community relies upon the public health personnel to evaluate the needs of the community, assess the available resources, provide reliable information, and coordinate health activities. It is essential that local health workers are trained professionals who are reassuring and organized to address health, social, culturalRead MoreEmergency Preparedness and Disaster Response956 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response Crystal Lusk Walden University Family, Community, and Population-Based Care 4011-12 March 19, 2014 Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response A disaster is an event that is a natural or man-made occurrence that can disrupt or destroy the lives of those it affects (Stanhope Lancaster, 2014). Management of a disaster includes four phases; prevention, preparedness, response and recovery (Stanhope Lancaster, 2014). Hawaii’s isolation

Consumption Patterns of Major Sports Events †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Consumption Patterns of Major Sports Events. Answer: Introduction Community or an individual well-being refers to as the positive outcomes that create a sense of meaning to a both individual and community (Little, 2018). The positive outcomes includes aspects such as the presence of positive emotions, satisfaction with life, stable psychology and many others aspects. In a nutshell, community well-being is a concept developed to recognize the cultural, social, and psychological wants of people, society, and institutions (McLead Wright, 2016). Therefore, the ideas of well-being used to assess the development of individuals and the entire community are measured in two different ways that are: the subjective and objective methods. The subjective provides self-report on the level of emotions, moods and the level of volunteerism of church leaders in developing a community and providing a self-report, while on the other hand, the objective indicator determines the indicators such social variables, child abuse, number of homeless (Herman, Grama Stuparid, 2016). The choice of approach to be used depends on the purpose of the assessment; however, the conventional indicators to all methods include the rate of unemployment, education level, physical and mental health, level of crime and many others. While the journal search generates considerable and enough knowledge on the socio-cultural effects, there is still inadequate knowledge on certain types of tourism situations. The socio-cultural complexity creates a second reason for the inadequate theoretical development on tourism. The available theoretical frame works offers less information on the cultural, social, and human capital than the amount of information offered in natural and financial capital. Tourism is one of the globes fastest expanding industries creating major sources of revenue and employment opportunities to many countries (Longchar, 2014). Like any other industry, tourism too poses disadvantages on both social, economic and environment, hence creating the need of having responsible tourism, called sustainable tourism. Sustainable tourism refers to tourism that takes full responsibility for the present and future social, economic, and environmental impacts by responding to the needs of the tourist, the environment, and the local community (Nwankwo Anozie, 2013). Sustainable tourism provides a platform for development in various sectors such as education, gender mainstreaming, good governance, environmental and cultural conservation thus improving the community well-being. Sustainability is best explained when both the empty and full world models of economies are compared and contrasted (Cusumano, 2018). In an empty world model, production capital is the only capital that matters and the well-being of individual results from the consumption of the products and services, and the factors of production get depleted over a period of time (Thorburg, 2017). To achieve sustainability, then full world that comprises various capitals such as human, social, natural, and cultural must all be included, and all depend on the natural capital. However, the natural capital faces the risk of destruction when other capitals are not sustained; therefore, taking into account of this approach, sustainable tourism dictates that from destination perspective, all forms of capital are of great importance. Social capital refers to the relationship constructed based on trust, reciprocity, shared norms, and values that allow mutual connection between the local people and other people from other places that come as a tourist (Wearing Darcy, 2011). However, as much as all these aspects are seen as the basis of the social capital, the confusion always arises on the mechanism that allows the development of such factors. And therefore, as per the study, social capital and community well being are defined to entail trust and reciprocity and cohesiveness within a community. The several link between social capital and the events and include: events act as a source of identity and pride to the community; locals to socialize and strengthen bonds with families and friends use events. Finally, the events leading to the development of both the internal and external networks . Human capital is defined as the accumulation of assets, skills, knowledge, experience, and capabilities. Proper investment in human capital ensures socio-economic sustainability and growth that eventually determines the well-being of a community, and at the same time, human capital can bring self-destruction such as violence (Tyndorf Glass, 2017). Sustainable tourism ensures that all human that come together live in harmony by protecting the rights and values of one another. Human Capital evolved into three stages, the physical stage whereby the community struggle for physical survival, shelter food, and self-defense. During the important stage, human interaction begins, and the interaction with nature reduces leading to the development of the market and then the mental phase where the mind becomes the principal resource leading to technological, industrialization and social complex. The mental phase enables individuals to acquire skills and experience that facilitate the growth of various sectors such as tourism which directly employees about 100 million individuals and supports 1 in 10 of all jobs in the word (Chuan et al., 2017). The constant mutual interaction between the locals and the visitors provide a basis for self-development and self-augmenting. The augmenting accounts for the civilization in terms of education and culture that enable the locals to acquire skills for sustainability, and this is well proven from the report by the United Nations Development Program, that states that: humanity has made greater improvement in the past 50 years as compared to the previous 500 years because of the sustainable tourism. Cultural capital refers to the forms of traditional ways of life such as rituals, languages that support and define a specific community and gives individual social mobility. The aspects are always either tangible or intangibles (Kimmil et al 2015). Cultural capital is categorized into three, which are: institutionalized such as specialized knowledge and education, embodied such as personality and speech skills, and objectified such as clothes and any other belongings. Cultural events are always the source of tourist attraction in many countries especially in Africa in the last decade. Many of the cultural events adapt ancient rituals to attract and develop the tourism sector. With the mixture of all races, cultural capital of a community tends to change as the locals imitate the behaviors of the victors. Built capital refers to the pre-existing or planned physical infrastructure that enables the performance of various activities in a community (Sen Quercia, 2018). These capitals are either public or private: examples of privets include homes, restaurants; furniture clothing and examples of public include sidewalks, parking, public septic, and many others. Events tend to facilitate the construction of various public built capitals such as roads that make the place accessible to the visitors (Creaney Niewiadomski, 2016). These constructions at the end of the day benefit the local community as the infrastructure ease their transportation system too. With the availability of events such as tourism destination site in a community, a large number of the local communities tends to get the source of employment as either tour guide or security, which in turn improves the financial capital of the host. With the increased financial capital, the hosts are capable of investing and acquiring var ious types of equipment, that in the long run improve the well-being of the community since most of the villages are happy, experience less stress and low emotions. Natural capital entails all the amenities that are provided by nature for the human being used, these include raw materials used in construction, making food and clothes. The natural capital also includes the services such as air to breath, rainfall that waters our plantations, and wetlands to filter water and prevent flooding (Hen et al., 2016). Natural capital is the basis of all the capitals, and therefore with a constant drawing without allowing adequate time to replenish, then the ecosystem becomes imbalanced thus many populations get displaced. Events and Sustainable Tourism Tourism in natural areas can be a major source of degradation of both the local social, economic, ecological systems (Gilmurray 2016). The high number of visitors and foreigners lead to high consumption on the high deposition of waste into habitat that eventually produce changes to the natural, human social capitals. However, different events that have been applied by various individuals; and institutions help in bring positive support in sustaining tourism. Companys initiatives for example by the Kandalama Hotel in Sri Lanka have made a tremendous effort to sustain the environment. The Kandalama Hotel stresses the cultural and social employment strategy that ensures that a large number of communities are represented in the staffs resulting in community infrastructure and development (Baskin Sommer, 2017). The hotel has been on the forefront in fighting in raising environmental awareness in the hotel industry through good international practices, such as designing Eco Park for the treatment of sewage .the hotel have also developed hotel-specific guidance that enables other hotels to implement the planned environmental programs such as planting of trees. These actions have made the hotel to receive three consecutive awards of the Green Globe. Sports tourism are also significant events that are organized in various countries to act as tourist destinations, such as, Hong Kong, South Africa, Australia and Russia that have hosted various world sports events(Siu et al 2017). Hosting of such significant sports creates economic, social, political benefits to the host, as major repairs are done on the roads, investment opportunities also increase that eventually improve the well being of the host community Cultural festivals are events organized by various countries to showcase the diversity of cultures and bring together all people across the world to either participate or watch. The cultural festivals have become major events that attract tourists in various countries that eventually bring positive economic and social impacts for example The Padstow May Day celebration and the Oby Oss (Cornish, 2016). The folk festival is assumed to connect the new world to the pre-industrial period and often favor the glossy Golden age. During such interactions, values and trust are gained, as different ideas such as clothing as passed across from one ethnic group to another and more importantly conserve the culture of the host community. The events also always act as a point of business as many people exchange various cultural belongings for money, building the financial capital and human capital of both engagers (Hein Lesschen, 2016). Cultural festival also provide incentives to the community by offering business opportunity (Nawar,2014).In exhibitions, educators and environmentalist tend to teach people about the importance of protecting the ecosystem for the future use, hence reducing the rate of poaching and logging. Synthesis and Recommendations As discussed above the major factors that support event contributions to destination community well-being and sustainable tourism include cultural festivals end exhibitions, hotel participations on environment conservation, construction of roads. However some of such events do not always come out effective as they are always faced with numerous problems and obstacles, therefore to the future event planners must realize that the three concepts environment, society, and the economy are interlinked and effect on one part is felt on the other parts. The following needs consideration before the actual event. The event planner should increase interaction between the production n side and the supply side. With such improved communication, obstacles can be pre-determined and addressed properly, for example, the role of each party such as the security, the host, and the visitor in the festival planning and dividend. Bringing all the stakeholders together will ensure that the availability of all music and dancers from the varied cultural background, furthermore it will increase the trust between the host and the visitors. At the national level, the event organizer should promote public-private partnership, and organize campaign awareness at the national level. The event planner must ensure that there is an adequate source of capital to finance all the requirements of such events, for example, that the entire infrastructure are repaired and maintained to enable free movement of large crowd. This will help in reducing the rate of anxiety among the visitors and the hosts. A large amount of capital will ensure that there is adequate security to reduce the probability of tourist violence and that the resources are well managed for example establishing a proper waste management system that will not pollute the environment. Finally, all the event organizers should perform cost-benefit analysis to ensure that the activity is beneficial to both the community and the visitors. References Baskin, R., Sommer, C. (2017). Gen X: A Generation That Can Help Save the Planet?. Generations, 4(3), 43-47. 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